andrens
Gerund
INTRODUCTION:
A gerund is the –ing form of a verb used as a noun. A gerund is used in the same ways as a noun, i.e. as a subject or an object.
Example:
Playing tennis is fun. (playing is a gerund. It is used as the subject of the sentence. Playing tennis is a gerund phrase).
We enjoy playing tennis. (Playing is used as the object of the verb enjoy).
He’s excited about playing tennis. (playing is used as the object of the preposition about.
The use of gerund:
1. Using gerund as the objects of prepositions:
We talked about going to Bali for our next vacation.
Andy is in charge of organizing the meeting.
He is interested in learning more about Biology.
2. Using gerund as the objects of certain verbs;
I enjoy playing tennis.
Rudy quit smoking.
Andy gave up smoking
3. Using gerund after preposition.
She is used to sleeping with the window open.
Rudy accustomed to sleeping with the window open.
My aunt looks forward to going home next month.
They object to changing their plans at this late date.
4. Negative form: not preceded a gerund.
We talked about not going to the meeting, but finally decided we should go.
5. Either infinitive or gerund can be the subject of a sentence when an action is being considered in a general sense. We can say:
Reading French is easier than speaking it or
It is easier to read French than to speak it.
No smoking, no fishing and no waiting. (the gerund is used in short prohibitions)
6. As a complement of a verb:
Her hobby is painting.
7. Using gerund after “go”. Go is followed by a gerund in a certain expressions to express, for the most part, recreational activities. Such as:
Did my mother go shopping?
My uncle and friends went fishing yesterday night.
List of verbs followed by gerund:
- enjoy – stop – consider (think about)
- appreciate – avoid – discuss (talk about)
- mind – postpone (put off) – mention
- quit (give up) – delay – suggest
- finish (get through) – keep (keep on)
The following verbs can be followed by either the infinitive or the gerund with no change in meaning.
- begin – cannot stand – continue – dread
- hate – like – love – prefer
- regret – start – try
e.g.: – He started to study after dinner or He started studying after dinner.
- John hates to ride his bicycle to school or John hates riding her bicycle to school.
Verb + preposition followed by the gerund.
a. verb + preposition:
- enjoy – stop – consider (think about)
- appreciate – avoid – discuss (talk about)
- mind – postpone (put off) – mention
- quit (give up) – delay – suggest
- finish (get through) – keep (keep on)
Object to, look forward to and confess to = the to here are the preposition, so do not confuse with the to in the infinitive.
b. Adjective + preposition:
- accustomed to – afraid to – capable of – fond of
- intent to – interested in – successful in – tired of
C. Noun + preposition
- choice of – excuse for – intention of – method for
- possibility of – reason for (method of)
Exercises 1:
Supply an appropriate preposition and verb form.
E.g.: – Ali isn’t interested in (look) looking for a new job.
Harry is excited ……. (leave) …… for Bali.
You are capable …… (do) ….. better works.
Fredy is always complaining ……. (have) …… a headache.
Instead ………. (study) …….., Harry went to a football game with his friends.
He showed us how to make a robot ………. (draw) …… a schema.
I have no excuse ………… (be) ……….. late.
Rina had a good reason ….. (go, not) …… to class yesterday.
I apologized to Ali ….. (make) ….. him wait for me.
The weather is terrible tonight. I don’t blame you ……. (want, not) …….. to go to the meeting.
I’m going to visit my family during the vacation. I’m looking forward ……. (eat) ……. My mother’s cooking and (sleep) ……. in my own bed.
Gerunds
Gerunds adalah kara kerja (verb) yang ditambah ing (verb + ing) dan berfungsi sebagai kata benda (noun). Dengan kata lain, gerund adalah kata kerja yang dibendakan/diubah menjadi kata benda dengan menambahkan ing.
Dalam kalimat bahasa Inggris, gerunds mempunyai peran sebagai:
1. Gerunds as subject
2. Gerunds as object
3. Gerunds as subjective complement
4. Gerunds as object of preposition
5. Gerunds after word “NO”
6. Gerunds after possessive adjective
7. Gerunds after certain verbs
8. Gerunds as appositive
Gerunds as subject
Berikut ini contoh-contoh gerunds yang berfungsi sebagai subject:
Reading is not my hobby.
Swimming is better than running.
Hiking can be very strenuous.
Gerunds as object
I like reading.
She goes swimming every morning.
Their favorite sport is running.
Gerunds as Subjective Complement
Gerund sebagai pelengkap subjek dalam kalimat biasanya selalu didahului tobe yang terletak di antara subject dan subjective complement, contoh:
Her favorite sport is swimming.
Gerunds as object of preposition
Gerund sebagai objek dari preposisi terletak setelah preposisi, misalnya; for, before, without, in, at, after, dll.
Contoh;
I will wash the dishes after eating.
You cannot be rich man without working.
Gerunds after “NO”
Dalam kalimat larangan, kita sering memakai kata “No” dan setelahnya biasanya diletakkan verb + ing yaitu gerunds. Contoh:
No Smoking!
No parking in this area!
Gerunds after possessive adjective
Gerunds juga sering kita jumpai setelah possessive adjective. Misalnya:
Thanks for your coming.
Gerunds after certain verbs
Dalam bahasa Inggris, ada beberapa kata kerja tertentu yang bila kita ingin memasukan kata kerja sesudah kata kerja tersebut, maka kata kerja setelahnya harusnya berbentuk gerund atau verb + ing.
Berikut ini daftar kata kerja-kata kerja tersebut beserta contoh kalimatnya:
Admit : He admitted cheating on the test.
Advise : The doctor generally advised drinking low-fat milk.
Allow : Ireland doesn't allow smoking in bars.
Anticipate : I anticipated arriving late.
Appreciate : I appreciated her helping me.
Avoid : He avoided talking to her.
Begin : I began learning Chinese.
can't bear : He can't bear having so much responsibility.
can't help : He can't help talking so loudly.
can't see : I can't see paying so much money for a car.
can't stand : He can't stand her smoking in the office.
Cease : The government ceased providing free healthcare.
Complete : He completed renovating the house.
Consider ; She considered moving to New York.
Continue : He continued talking.
Defend : The lawyer defended her making such statements.
Delay : He delayed doing his taxes.
Deny : He denied committing the crime.
Despise : She despises waking up early.
Discuss : We discussed working at the company.
Dislike : She dislikes working after 5 PM.
Mind : I don't mind helping you.
Dread : She dreads getting up at 5 AM.
Encourage : He encourages eating healthy foods.
Enjoy : We enjoy hiking.
Finish : He finished doing his homework.
forget : I forgot giving you my book.
hate : I hate cleaning the bathroom.
Imagine : He imagines working there one day.
Involve : The job involves traveling to Japan once a month.
Keep : She kept interrupting me.
Like : She likes listening to music.
Love : I love swimming.
Mention : He mentioned going to that college.
Miss : She misses living near the beach.
neglect : Sometimes she neglects doing her homework.
permit : California does not permit smoking in restaurants.
Postpone : He postponed returning to Paris.
Practice : She practiced singing the song.
Prefer : He prefers sitting at the back of the movie theater.
propose : I proposed having lunch at the beach.
quit : She quit worrying about the problem.
Recall : Tom recalled using his credit card at the store.
Recollect : She recollected living in Kenya.
Recommend : Tony recommended taking the train.
regret : She regretted saying that.
Remember : I remember telling her the address yesterday.
Report : He reported her stealing the money.
require : The certificate requires completing two courses.
Resent : Nick resented Debbie's being there.
Resist : He resisted asking for help.
Risk : He risked being caught.
Start : He started studying harder.
Stop : She stopped working at 5 o'clock.
Suggest : They suggested staying at the hotel.
Tolerate : I tolerated her talking.
Try : Sam tried opening the lock with a paperclip.
Understand : I understand his quitting.
Urge :They urge recycling bottles and paper
Berbicara
mengenai Gerund, berarti kita akan membahas mengenai Verb (kata kerja)
yang ditambahi Ing (Ving). Penambahan Ing pada Verb dikarenakan
berubahnya status Verb menjadi Noun (kata benda). Seperti contoh:
smoking, playing, going, dll.
Dalam kalimat, gerund berfungsi sebagai:
a. subjek (subject)
b. pelengkap subjek (subjective complement)
c. objek langsung (direct object)
d. objek preposisi (object of preposition)
e. aposisi (appositive)
a. subjek (subject)
b. pelengkap subjek (subjective complement)
c. objek langsung (direct object)
d. objek preposisi (object of preposition)
e. aposisi (appositive)
1. Gerund sebagai subject (gerund as subject)
Subyek
sejatinya adalah kata benda. Apabila ada verb yang berposisi sebagai
subyek, maka verb itu harus dirubah menjadi kata benda (gerund).
Tambahkan Ing pada kata kerja yang menjadi subject.
Contoh:
- Sleeping is necessary to live
- Playing footbal is my hobby
- Your singing is very beautiful.
- Reading English is easier than speaking it
Sleeping, reading, singing dan playing adalah kata kerja yang berposisi sebagai subject. Maka harus ditambahkan ING.
2. Gerund sebagai Object (Gerund as Object)
Sama
halnya dengan poin diatas. Bahwa object juga terkadang terbentuk oleh
kata benda. Jika object kalimatmu adalah jenis kata kerja, maka
tambahkan ING pada kata kerja tersebut.
Contoh:
- I don't like swimming
- We enjoy sitting here
Swimming
dan Sitting adalah kata kerja yang posisinya berada di objek. atau
dengan kata lain kalimat diatas terdapat dua kata kerja yang bersanding
langsung (like-swim) (enjoy-sit) maka tambahkan ING pada kata kerja yang
paling belakang (swimming dan sitting).
3. Gerund sebagai pelengkap subjek (gerund as Subject complement)
Gerund
sebagai pelengkap subjek dalam kalimat biasanya selalu didahului to be
yang terletak di antara subject dan subjective complement, contoh:
- My favorite sport is running.
- My favorite activity is reading.
- My favorite sport is running.
- My favorite activity is reading.
Dalam
bentuknya, ini mirip dengan tenses continuous. ada tobe + Ving. Yang
membedakan adalah, running dan reading bukanlah Verb dalam kalimat
contoh diatas.
4. Gerund sebagai objek preposisi (Gerund as preposition object)
Gerund sebagai objek preposisi yang terletak setelah preposisi. Preposisi yang sering dipakai adalah of, on, no, with, without, at for, after, before, because of, to, like, about, for, by, in.
Contoh:
- He is tired of gambling.
- I am fond of eating bakso.
- He insisted on seeing her.
- I have no objection to hearing your story.
- You will not be clever without studying.
- They are good at telling funny stories.
- In sleeping I met you in the park.
Tambahkan ING pada kata kerja yang muncul setelah preposisi.
5. Gerund sebagai penegas (Gerund as Apossitive)
contoh:
- My hobby, fishing, is interesting.
- I do not like quarrelling, a useless job.
My hobby is fishing dan fishing is interesting diletakkan bersebelahan dalam sebuah kalimat sebagai appositive (fishing adalah aposisi dari my hobby), begitu juga contoh kalimat dibawahnya.
Gerund sebagai objek preposisi yang terletak setelah preposisi. Preposisi yang sering dipakai adalah of, on, no, with, without, at for, after, before, because of, to, like, about, for, by, in.
Contoh:
- He is tired of gambling.
- I am fond of eating bakso.
- He insisted on seeing her.
- I have no objection to hearing your story.
- You will not be clever without studying.
- They are good at telling funny stories.
- In sleeping I met you in the park.
Tambahkan ING pada kata kerja yang muncul setelah preposisi.
5. Gerund sebagai penegas (Gerund as Apossitive)
contoh:
- My hobby, fishing, is interesting.
- I do not like quarrelling, a useless job.
My hobby is fishing dan fishing is interesting diletakkan bersebelahan dalam sebuah kalimat sebagai appositive (fishing adalah aposisi dari my hobby), begitu juga contoh kalimat dibawahnya.
INTRODUCTION:
A gerund is the –ing form of a verb used as a noun. A gerund is used in the same ways as a noun, i.e. as a subject or an object.
Example:
Playing tennis is fun. (playing is a gerund. It is used as the subject of the sentence. Playing tennis is a gerund phrase).
We enjoy playing tennis. (Playing is used as the object of the verb enjoy).
He’s excited about playing tennis. (playing is used as the object of the preposition about.
The use of gerund:
1. Using gerund as the objects of prepositions:
We talked about going to Bali for our next vacation.
Andy is in charge of organizing the meeting.
He is interested in learning more about Biology.
2. Using gerund as the objects of certain verbs;
I enjoy playing tennis.
Rudy quit smoking.
Andy gave up smoking
3. Using gerund after preposition.
She is used to sleeping with the window open.
Rudy accustomed to sleeping with the window open.
My aunt looks forward to going home next month.
They object to changing their plans at this late date.
4. Negative form: not preceded a gerund.
We talked about not going to the meeting, but finally decided we should go.
5. Either infinitive or gerund can be the subject of a sentence when an action is being considered in a general sense. We can say:
Reading French is easier than speaking it or
It is easier to read French than to speak it.
No smoking, no fishing and no waiting. (the gerund is used in short prohibitions)
6. As a complement of a verb:
Her hobby is painting.
7. Using gerund after “go”. Go is followed by a gerund in a certain expressions to express, for the most part, recreational activities. Such as:
Did my mother go shopping?
My uncle and friends went fishing yesterday night.
List of verbs followed by gerund:
- enjoy – stop – consider (think about)
- appreciate – avoid – discuss (talk about)
- mind – postpone (put off) – mention
- quit (give up) – delay – suggest
- finish (get through) – keep (keep on)
The following verbs can be followed by either the infinitive or the gerund with no change in meaning.
- begin – cannot stand – continue – dread
- hate – like – love – prefer
- regret – start – try
e.g.: – He started to study after dinner or He started studying after dinner.
- John hates to ride his bicycle to school or John hates riding her bicycle to school.
Verb + preposition followed by the gerund.
a. verb + preposition:
- enjoy – stop – consider (think about)
- appreciate – avoid – discuss (talk about)
- mind – postpone (put off) – mention
- quit (give up) – delay – suggest
- finish (get through) – keep (keep on)
Object to, look forward to and confess to = the to here are the preposition, so do not confuse with the to in the infinitive.
b. Adjective + preposition:
- accustomed to – afraid to – capable of – fond of
- intent to – interested in – successful in – tired of
C. Noun + preposition
- choice of – excuse for – intention of – method for
- possibility of – reason for (method of)
Exercises 1:
Supply an appropriate preposition and verb form.
E.g.: – Ali isn’t interested in (look) looking for a new job.
Harry is excited ……. (leave) …… for Bali.
You are capable …… (do) ….. better works.
Fredy is always complaining ……. (have) …… a headache.
Instead ………. (study) …….., Harry went to a football game with his friends.
He showed us how to make a robot ………. (draw) …… a schema.
I have no excuse ………… (be) ……….. late.
Rina had a good reason ….. (go, not) …… to class yesterday.
I apologized to Ali ….. (make) ….. him wait for me.
The weather is terrible tonight. I don’t blame you ……. (want, not) …….. to go to the meeting.
I’m going to visit my family during the vacation. I’m looking forward ……. (eat) ……. My mother’s cooking and (sleep) ……. in my own bed.
Gerunds
Gerunds adalah kara kerja (verb) yang ditambah ing (verb + ing) dan berfungsi sebagai kata benda (noun). Dengan kata lain, gerund adalah kata kerja yang dibendakan/diubah menjadi kata benda dengan menambahkan ing.
Dalam kalimat bahasa Inggris, gerunds mempunyai peran sebagai:
1. Gerunds as subject
2. Gerunds as object
3. Gerunds as subjective complement
4. Gerunds as object of preposition
5. Gerunds after word “NO”
6. Gerunds after possessive adjective
7. Gerunds after certain verbs
8. Gerunds as appositive
Gerunds as subject
Berikut ini contoh-contoh gerunds yang berfungsi sebagai subject:
Reading is not my hobby.
Swimming is better than running.
Hiking can be very strenuous.
Gerunds as object
I like reading.
She goes swimming every morning.
Their favorite sport is running.
Gerunds as Subjective Complement
Gerund sebagai pelengkap subjek dalam kalimat biasanya selalu didahului tobe yang terletak di antara subject dan subjective complement, contoh:
Her favorite sport is swimming.
Gerunds as object of preposition
Gerund sebagai objek dari preposisi terletak setelah preposisi, misalnya; for, before, without, in, at, after, dll.
Contoh;
I will wash the dishes after eating.
You cannot be rich man without working.
Gerunds after “NO”
Dalam kalimat larangan, kita sering memakai kata “No” dan setelahnya biasanya diletakkan verb + ing yaitu gerunds. Contoh:
No Smoking!
No parking in this area!
Gerunds after possessive adjective
Gerunds juga sering kita jumpai setelah possessive adjective. Misalnya:
Thanks for your coming.
Gerunds after certain verbs
Dalam bahasa Inggris, ada beberapa kata kerja tertentu yang bila kita ingin memasukan kata kerja sesudah kata kerja tersebut, maka kata kerja setelahnya harusnya berbentuk gerund atau verb + ing.
Berikut ini daftar kata kerja-kata kerja tersebut beserta contoh kalimatnya:
Admit : He admitted cheating on the test.
Advise : The doctor generally advised drinking low-fat milk.
Allow : Ireland doesn't allow smoking in bars.
Anticipate : I anticipated arriving late.
Appreciate : I appreciated her helping me.
Avoid : He avoided talking to her.
Begin : I began learning Chinese.
can't bear : He can't bear having so much responsibility.
can't help : He can't help talking so loudly.
can't see : I can't see paying so much money for a car.
can't stand : He can't stand her smoking in the office.
Cease : The government ceased providing free healthcare.
Complete : He completed renovating the house.
Consider ; She considered moving to New York.
Continue : He continued talking.
Defend : The lawyer defended her making such statements.
Delay : He delayed doing his taxes.
Deny : He denied committing the crime.
Despise : She despises waking up early.
Discuss : We discussed working at the company.
Dislike : She dislikes working after 5 PM.
Mind : I don't mind helping you.
Dread : She dreads getting up at 5 AM.
Encourage : He encourages eating healthy foods.
Enjoy : We enjoy hiking.
Finish : He finished doing his homework.
forget : I forgot giving you my book.
hate : I hate cleaning the bathroom.
Imagine : He imagines working there one day.
Involve : The job involves traveling to Japan once a month.
Keep : She kept interrupting me.
Like : She likes listening to music.
Love : I love swimming.
Mention : He mentioned going to that college.
Miss : She misses living near the beach.
neglect : Sometimes she neglects doing her homework.
permit : California does not permit smoking in restaurants.
Postpone : He postponed returning to Paris.
Practice : She practiced singing the song.
Prefer : He prefers sitting at the back of the movie theater.
propose : I proposed having lunch at the beach.
quit : She quit worrying about the problem.
Recall : Tom recalled using his credit card at the store.
Recollect : She recollected living in Kenya.
Recommend : Tony recommended taking the train.
regret : She regretted saying that.
Remember : I remember telling her the address yesterday.
Report : He reported her stealing the money.
require : The certificate requires completing two courses.
Resent : Nick resented Debbie's being there.
Resist : He resisted asking for help.
Risk : He risked being caught.
Start : He started studying harder.
Stop : She stopped working at 5 o'clock.
Suggest : They suggested staying at the hotel.
Tolerate : I tolerated her talking.
Try : Sam tried opening the lock with a paperclip.
Understand : I understand his quitting.
Urge :They urge recycling bottles and paper
nice post
BalasHapus