ANDRENS
Asking and giving help
Jhono is visiting his classmate Jheny. At this time, Jessica is in the backyard of her house.
Jhono : Hi, Jhen.
Jheny : Hi, Jhon.
Jhono : what are you doing?
Jheny : well. I’m planting a rose now. Can you help me get the flower pot over here, please?
Jhono : yes, of course.
Jhono takes the flower pot and gives it to Jheny.
Jhono : here you are.
Jheny : thank you, Jhono.
Jhono : you’re welcome. These flowers are beautiful. Are they all yours?
Jheny : yes. My mother bought them for me.
Jhono : oh, I see. By the way, would you like me to water the flowers?
Jheny : no, thanks. You don’t have to.
Asking and giving help
Serra : Stubby, can you do me a favor, please?
Stubby : of course, what can I do for you?
Serra : would you be so kind as to take care of my cat. I’m
going to Bogor tomorrow to visit my uncle, he is sick ; I’ll be there
for about two days.
Stubby : I’d be very happy to take care of your cat, I love cats.
Serra : great. Thanks
Stubby : should I bath it?
Serra : no, it’s not necessary.
Asking and giving help
Oscar : Darrel can you do me a favor, please?
Darrel : of course, what can I do for you?
Oscar : could you buy some medicine for me? I’m not feeling well.
Darrel : I think you’ve got caught cold. Don’t worry. I’ll buy you some medicine.
Asking and giving help
Bhīma : chow, can you help me please?
Cho hang : sure! what’s wrong, Bhīma? You look sick.
Bhīma : I’ve got a headache, and my body feels cold.
Cho hang : what? Here, I have a thermometer. You have a fever, your temperature is high. I suggest you to see a doctor.
Asking and giving something.
A couple go to the shopkeeper to ask something.
Robert : excuse me.
Shopkeeper : yes. Can I help you?
Kristen : may I have a blue shirt with the design like this red one, please?
Shopkeeper : yes, of course. I think we still have it in the storehouse. Please wait a minute.
Robert : yes, thank you.
After a while, the shopkeeper is back.
Shopkeeper : here you are, sir.
Robert : thank you.
Shopkeeper : would you also like a hat, sir? There are several colours, including blue.
Robert : no, thank you. I don’t like wearing a hat. But we’re very interested in buying some souvenirs you have.
Kristen : yes, the souvenirs are very pretty. By the way,
we’ll pay the shirt later along with the souvenirs, if you don’t mind.
Shopkeeper : not at all. Please.
Asking and giving information.
Selena and Taylor are in zoo, looking at some birds in the cages.
Taylor : what’s so special about the birds? Tell me about them.
Selena : of course, most birds can fly.
Taylor : do you know that birds can fly?
Selena : hmmm, ostriches, emus, and the bird from Papua …… what’s its name?
Taylor : oh cassowary, right?
Selena : yeah, that’s right. Why are you asking? Do you like birds too?
Taylor : sure, birds are beautiful. I like peacocks very much.
Selena : peacocks? With their fanlike tails, right? I like them too.
Asking and giving information.
Mr. Lester is on a summer vocation in a town. He is trying to get to the
bank but he doesn’t know how. He is asking someone for the information.
Mr. Lester : excuse me, do you know where the first national bank is, madam?
Mrs. Summer : yes. Just go straight down this road and the bank is on your right, sir!
Mr. Lester : thank you very much, madam. By the way, can you tell me how to get the subway station from the bank?
Mrs. Summer : sure, you have to take the no. 12 bus and get off in Burbank street. The subway station is there.
Mr. Lester : are you sure? As far as I know the guide book informs us that we have to take the no. 14 bus.
Mrs. Summer : you’re right. I confused the no. 14 bus with the no. 12 one.
Mr. Lester : thank you, madam. Have a pleasant day.
Mrs. Summers : you’ve very welcome, sir.
Asking and giving opinion.
At a department store in Bali, a tourist from Washington, Miley and Daniel are going to by some clothes.
Daniel : this store has various items. There are many clothes and souvenirs here.
Miley : yes, you’re are right.
Daniel : what do you think about this shirt?
Miley : mm… but I don’t think red is the right color for you. I think blue will be better.
Daniel : do you really think so? I think red is nice.
Miley : actually, I think red is too bright for you.
Daniel : mm… I guess you’re right.
Miley : but there is no blue shirt here. Let’s ask to the shopkeeper.
Daniel : yeah…
Asking and giving opinion.
Victoria : hi, Kayla. Where are you going anyway?
Kayla : oh, hi Vic. I’m going to the library.
Victoria : oh. Hey maybe you can also borrow teen lit or chick lit there?
Kayla : well, I think that’s impossible, Vic. Because I don’t
like those books. In my opinion, the stories are not so interesting and
sometime they’re so boring.
Victoria : I see. According to me, the books are okay. The stories are based on the everyday facts in teenagers life.
Kayla : then, we have different opinion about it Vic. And I appreciate your opinion.
Asking and giving agreement.
Alexis and all her classmates are going to Disneyland, Paris. Alexsis is chatting with her best friend, Justin.
Alexis : it’s very exciting today.
Justin : yes, it is. I’m having so much fun.
Alexis : which is the most exciting game for you here?
Justin : well, I must say that roller coaster is the most exciting game. Do you agree with me?
Alexis : yes, I agree with you. The roller coaster gave me an
unforgettable experience. I think I want to ride it again.
Justin : yes, me too.
In telephone Conversation.
Aiwa : hello.
Veronica : hello. May I speak to Aiwa?
Aiwa : this is Aiwa. Who’s speaking?
Veronica : this is Ver. I just want to tell you that I can’t go to Tokyo with you next week.
Aiwa : hold on, tell me what’s wrong?
Veronica : well, my brother is being treated in the hospital for a dengue fever. So I have to stay in Canada for a week.
Aiwa : oh, I’m sorry to hear that. I hope your brother get
well soon. Hey, I know. I can change my ticket to Canada; we can go
together, right?
Veronica : yeah, Aiwa that’s a good idea. Well see you in the air pot.
Aiwa : see you.
In telephone conversation.
Dean : hello…! Lucy?
Lucy : hi, dean. How are you?
Dean : fine, thanks. I heard you are in London now.
Lucy : yes. How is in New york, Dean?
Dean : it’s foggy here, it’s 32 Fahrenheit. How about London?
Lucy : well, it’s very cold here. It’s -1degrees Celsius.
Dean : wow.. that’s very cold.
Lucy : ok then. I call you later.
Dean : ok. Bye.
Conversation with a Stranger.
Melanie : nice day, isn’t it?
The girl : yeah. The sky is so clear. I love this weather
Meanie : so do i. We can go everywhere.
The girl : but I heard the rain will come soon this week.
Melanie : really? Well. It is the season
The girl : you are right. Um…. The bus seems to be running late.
Melanie : I think so. How long have you been waiting?
The girl : about twenty minutes.
Melanie : are you in hurry?
The girl : yeah. I’m in hurry. I must reach the hospital before evening.
Melanie : ooh, here is my bus. Well, I have to go now. Nice meeting you.
The girl : likewise.
Conversation with a stranger.
Clara : hello. It’s hot day today, isn’t it?
Trisha : right. That’s what I like about Indonesia.
Clara : do you?
Trisha : yeah. I can sunbath anytime I want.
Clara : by the way, is this your first time here?
Trisha : no, it is my second visit. I like Indonesia.
Clara : well, I bet you do.
Trisha : Uhhmm… sorry, I have to go now. Nice talking to you.
Clara : nice talking to you. Good bye.
Trisha : good bye.
Sumber Reffrensi : http://percakapandalambahasainggris.blogspot.com/
Materi ini di ambil dari berbagai sumber, semoga apa yang menjadi harapan dapat biasa membantu khusus buat diri saya dan umumnya bagi para pengunjung blogger saya. sampaikan saran dan kritik anda di setiap kunjungan itu harapnnya untuk membangun diri saya dalam mengenmbangkan blog ini, saya sampaikan terima kasih { http://yanyanhikmahhirayanaspd.blogspot.com
Kamis, 20 Desember 2012
Sapaan/greetings
Sapaan/greetings
Sesama teman umumnya hanya saling mengucapkan “Hi”. Kemudian mereka juga sering melontarkan pertanyaan umum semisal:“How are you?” (yang disebut guru saya tidak kreatif)
“How are you doing?” (tidak formal)
“How’s it going?” (tidak formal dan dapat digunakan secara rutin)
“How’s tricks?” (tidak formal dan dapat digunakan secara rutin)
“How are things? (tidak formal dan dapat digunakan secara rutin)
“Haven’t seen you for ages” (tidak formal dan digunakan kepada teman yang sudah lama tidak berjumpa)
“Great to see you again” (tidak formal dan digunakan kepada teman yang sudah lama tidak berjumpa)
“How’s life?” (tidak formal dan digunakan kepada teman yang sudah lama tidak berjumpa)
“Watcha!” (sangat tidak formal dan hanya digunakan untuk teman dekat)
“What’s up?” (sangat tidak formal dan hanya digunakan untuk teman dekat)
“How do you do?” (formal)
“Good day, Sir/Madam!” (sangat formal)
Pertanyaan-pertanyaan seperti ini umumnya dijawab dengan jawaban yang positif, seperti:
“Fine” (yang juga disebut guru saya monoton)
“Pretty good”
“Not bad”
“Can’t complain”
“Never been better”
“Fabulous”
“Fantastic”
Sebaiknya, setelah melontarkan jawaban ini, Anda mengucapkan terima kasih. Misalnya, ucapkanlah “Not bad, thanks.” Praktek ini sangat umum di kalangan para penutur asli.
Sedangkan, untuk menyapa orang yang belum Anda kenal, lebih pantas menggunakan “Hello.” Untuk situasi yang lebih formal, gunakan “Good morning / afternoon / evening.”
Lawan bicara Anda umumnya akan menjawab dengan greetings yang sama dengan yang Anda lontarkan sebelumnya – kecuali bila sebelumnya Anda melontarkan greetings berupa pertanyaan. Bila Anda mengucapkan “Hello,” lawan bicara Anda akan membalas dengan “Hello.” Bila Anda mengucapkan “Good morning,” lawan bicara Anda juga akan membalas dengan “Good morning.”
Ada satu pengecualian di sini, yaitu untuk “How do you do?”. “How do you do?” merupakan sapaan yang cukup formal dalam British English. Balasan untuk sapaan ini adalah dengan mengulang kembali pertanyaan tersebut. Terkesan aneh memang, tetapi begitulah aturan tak tertulisnya. “How do you do?” sebenarnya bukan merupakan pertanyaan. Kalimat tersebut memiliki arti yang sama dengan “Hello.”
Ucapan selamat tinggal
Penting juga untuk mengucapkan selamat tinggal saat Anda akan pergi. Berikut adalah ucapan selamat tinggal untuk situasi informal:“Goodbye” atau “Bye”
“See you (later)”
“Later”
Untuk situasi formal:
“Good morning / afternoon / evening”
“It was a pleasure seeing you”
“Goodbye”
“Good night” (umumnya setelah lewat pukul 8 malam)
ANDRENS
Penggunaan Either dan Neither
Penggunaan Either dan Neither
Either… Or…
Either… or… digunakan untuk menawarkan pilihan diantara dua kemungkinan:
- Either Arif or Syam will be there. (Arif atau Syam akan ada di sana).
- Either you leave me alone or I will call the police. (Tinggalkan saya sendiri atau saya panggil polisi)
- You should bring either coffee or tea. (Kamu harus mengantarkan kopi atau teh)
- You can either help us or go to your room. (Kamu bisa bantu kami atau enyah dari sini)
- Either of us could do it.
- Either one of us could do it. (Salah satu dari kita bisa melakukannya)
- Either of you should know.
- Either one of you should know. (Salah satu dari kalian harus tahu)
- I don’t think either Arif or Syam will be there. (Saya pikir baik Arif maupun Syam tidak akan ada di sana).
- She doesn’t speak either English or German. (Dia tidak berbahasa Inggris maupun Jerman).
- I don’t speak English. You don’t either.
- He is not ready to go. We aren’t either.
Neither… nor…
Neither… nor… ekivalen dengan not… either… or….
Neither… nor… ekivalen dengan not… either… or….
- Neither Arif nor Syam will be there.
- She speaks neither English nor German
- You brought neither coffee nor tea.
- I will neither help you nor go to my room.
- Neither of them is ready.
- Neither one of them is ready
- Neither of us has any money.
- Neither one of us has any money.
(A) I don’t speak German.
(B) Neither do I atau (informal: me neither)
(A) He is not ready to go.
(B) Neither are we
Ringkasan
Either berarti satu, neither berarti tak satupun, dan not either sama dengan neither. Kata or mengikuti either dan nor mengikuti neither.
ANDRENS
Countable/uncountable nouns (kata benda yang dapat dihitung/tidak dapat dihitung
Countable/uncountable nouns (kata benda yang dapat dihitung/tidak dapat dihitung) 27 July 2009
Posted by masdin in Level Dasar 1.Tags: countable, uncountable
trackback 1. Kata benda yang dapat dihitung (countable nouns)
Semua kata benda dapat dihitung atau tidak dapat dihitung. Kata benda yang dapat dihitung memiliki sifat-sifat berikut:
- Dapat dihitung secara langsung, misalnya 1 apel, 2 apel, dll.
- Dapat dibuat jamak
- Dapat ditambahkan artikel a atau an.
Kata benda yang tidak dapat dihitung memiliki sifat-sifat berikut:
- Biasanya tidak bisa dihitung secara langsung misalnya, 1 uang, 2 uang, ..dll.
- Biasanya tidak bisa dibuat jamak
- Biasanya tidak ditambahkan artikel a atau an
- I have some apples
- I have some food
Berikut beberapa kata benda yang dapat dihitung dan tidak dapat dihitung.
Countable
apple = apeltree = pohon person = orang dog = anjing kilo = kilo liter = liter |
Uncountable
time = wakturice = nasi beef = daging money = uang information = informasi help = bantuan |
Kata benda yang tidak dapat dihitung sering menunjuk pada benda-benda yang sifatnya tidak sendiri, dan abstrak. Sebagai contoh rice (nasi) bukan merupakan benda yang sifatnya sendiri, nasi ditemukan dalam kumpulan dari ratusan biji-biji kecil. Love (cinta) dan sadness (kesedihan) adalah hal yang abstrak, tidak memiliki wujud fisik.
3. Kata benda yang dapat dihitung dan tidak dapat dihitung
Beberapa kata benda bisa dihitung dan tidak dapat dihitung, tergantung pada bagaimana cara penggunaannya. Misalnya:
- Dapat dihitung: A glass of milk (segelas susu). Disini glass menunjuk pada satu wadah yang terbuat dari kaca.
- Tidak dapat dihitung: You can see through glass (Kamu bisa melihat lewat kaca). Disini glass/kaca tidak menunjuk pada sesuatu yang tunggal, tetapi menunjuk pada kaca sebagai sebuah zat.
- Dapat dihitung: He has many papers (dia punya banyak kertas). Disini paper menunjuk pada beberapa dokumen yang sifatnya individual.
- Tidak dapat dihitung: Paper is made from wood (kertas terbuat dari kayu). Disini kata paper bukan merupakan sebuah benda yang sifatnya sendiri, tetapi sebagai zat secara umum.
Contoh penggunaan dalam percakapan:
Kalimat pertama sudah benar, dan kelimat lainnya tidak benar.
1) I have a brother and two sisters. I love my family. (Benar)
I have brother and two sisters. I love my a family. (Tidak benar)
2) She has a cheese sandwich, an apple, and some milk for lunch. (Benar)
She has some cheese sandwich, a apple, and a milk for lunch. (Tidak benar)
3) My house is in London. It has a living-room and two bedrooms. In the morning I study English, and in the afternoon I work in a store. (Benar)
My house is in a London. (Tidak benar)
In the morning I study an English, and in the afternoon I work in store. (Tidak benar)
Kosa kata baru:
love = cinta cheese = keju sandwich = lapis apple = apel milk = susu lunch = makan siang house = rumah |
in = di London = London living room = ruang tamu bedroom = kamar tidur morning = pagi afternoon = sore store = store |
ANDRENS
ADJECTIVE CLAUSES / RELATIVE PRONOUN
ADJECTIVE CLAUSES / RELATIVE PRONOUN
USING SUBJECT PRONOUNS: WHO (used for people), WHICH (used for thing), THAT (used for people and thing)
Ex: I thanked the woman
She helped me
a. I thanked the woman who helped me
b. I thanked the woman that helped me
The book is mine
It is on the table
c. The book which is on the table is mine
d. The book that is on the table is mine
USING OBJECT PRONOUNS: WHOM (used for people), WHICH , (used for thing), THAT (used for people and thing)
PRONOUNS USED AS THE OBJECT OF A VERB
Ex: The man was Mr.Jhon
I saw him
a. The man whom I saw was Mr. Jhon
b. The man that I saw was Mr.Jhon
The movie wasn’t very good
We saw it last night
c. The movie which we saw last night wasn’t very good
d. The movie that we saw last night wasn’t very good
PRONOUNS USED AS THE OBJECT OF PREPOSITION
Ex: She is the woman
I told you about her
a. She is the woman about whom I told you
b. She is the woman whom I told you about
c. She is the woman that I told you about
The music was good
We listened to it last night
e. The music to which we listened last night was good
f. The music which we listened to last night was good
g. The music that we listened to last night was good
USING WHOSE
Ex: I know the man
His bicycle was stolen
a. I know the man whose bicycle was stolen
The student writes well
I read her composition
b. The student whose the composition I read writes well
Mr. Crab has persian cat
Its fur is very beautiful
c. Mr. Crab has persian cat whose fur is very beautiful
USING WHERE
Ex: The building is very old
He lives there
a. The building where he lives there is very old
b. The building in which he lives is very old
c. The building which he lives in is very old
1.1. USING WHEN
I will never forget the day
I met you then
a. I’ll never forget the day when I met you then
b. I’ll never forget the day on which I met you then
ANDRENS
Adjective Clause (Relative Clause)
Adjective Clause (Relative Clause)
1. Adjective Clause Using Subject Pronouns: Who, Which, That
Without adjective clause / relative clause | Using adjective clause / relative clause |
---|---|
I will introduce you to a friend. He runs a successful business. | I will introduce you to a friend who runs a successful business. I will introduce you to a friend that runs a successful business. |
The book is about religion. It has raised controversy. | The book which has raised controversy is about religion. The book that has raised controversy is about religion. |
- "Who", "which", atau "that" adalah subyek dalam adjective clause.
- "Who" digunakan untuk mengganti subyek berupa orang.
- "Which" digunakan untuk mengganti subyek berupa benda.
- "That" digunakan untuk mengganti subyek berupa orang maupun benda, dan lebih umum dipakai daripada "which". Akan tetapi, "that" hanya bisa digunakan pada defining relative clause saja.
2. Adjective Clause Using Object Pronouns: Who(m), Which, That
Without adjective clause / relative clause | Using adjective clause / relative clause |
---|---|
I will introduce you to a friend. You have never met him before. | I will introduce you to a friend (who(m)) you have never met before. I will introduce you to a friend (that) you have never met before. |
The book is about religion. I bought it in Gramedia bookstore last week. | The book (which) I bought in Gramedia bookstore last week is about religion. The book (that) I bought in Gramedia bookstore last week is about religion. |
The song was very popular in 1990's. I am listening to it. | The song to which I am listening was very popular in 1990's. The song (which) I am listening to was very popular in 1990's. The song (that) I am listening to was very popular in 1990's. |
- "Whom" digunakan untuk mengganti obyek berupa orang, umumnya digunakan dalam bahasa Inggris formal. Untuk bahasa Inggris informal dan percakapan, "who" lebih sering dipakai menggantikan "whom".
- "Which" digunakan untuk mengganti obyek berupa benda.
- "That" digunakan untuk mengganti obyek berupa orang maupun benda, dan lebih umum dipakai daripada "which". Akan tetapi, "that" hanya bisa digunakan pada defining relative clause saja.
- Pada bahasa Inggris percakapan (lisan), "who", "which", atau "that" seringkali dihilangkan.
3. Adjective Clause Using Whose
Without adjective clause / relative clause | Using adjective clause / relative clause |
---|---|
I will introduce you to a friend. His interest is learning English. | I will introduce you to a friend whose interest is learning English. |
The old lady has a painting. Its value is inestimable. | The old lady has a painting whose value is inestimable. |
- Dalam adjective clause atau relative clause, "whose" digunakan untuk menunjukkan milik, menggantikan "his", "her", "its", atau "their".
- Sebagaimana "his", "her", "its", dan "their", "Whose" selalu diikuti kata benda.
- "Whose" tidak bisa dihilangkan.
4. Adjective Clause Using Where
Without adjective clause / relative clause | Using adjective clause / relative clause |
---|---|
I will take you to the restaurant. I usually have lunch there (at the restaurant). | I will take you to the restaurant where I usually have lunch. I will take you to the restaurant at which I usually have lunch. I will take you to the restaurant (which) I usually have lunch at. |
The old lady has sold the house. She has lived there (in the house) for more than twenty years. | The old lady has sold the house where she has lived for more than twenty years. The old lady has sold the house in which she has lived for more than twenty years. The old lady has sold the house (which) she has lived in for more than twenty years. |
- "Where" dalam adjective clause atau relative clause digunakan untuk menjelaskan tempat.
- Jika "where" digunakan, preposition pada keterangan tempat (seperti in, from, to, at, on, under, above) tidak diperlukan dalam adjective clause. Sebaliknya, jika "where" tidak digunakan, preposition harus ada. (lihat contoh ke-2 dan ke-3 dalam tabel di atas)
5. Adjective Clause Using When
Without adjective clause / relative clause | Using adjective clause / relative clause |
---|---|
We will never forget the day. My wife gave birth to my first son then (on that day). | We will never forget the day when my wife gave birth to my first son. We will never forget the day on which my wife gave birth to my first son. We will never forget the day (that) my wife gave birth to my first son. |
August is the month. The weather gets very windy then (in August). | August is the month when the weather gets very windy. August is the month in which the weather gets very windy. August is the month (that) the weather gets very windy. |
- "When" dalam adjective clause atau relative clause digunakan untuk menjelaskan waktu.
- Jika "when" digunakan, preposition pada keterangan waktu (seperti in, on, at) tidak diperlukan dalam adjective clause. Sebaliknya, jika "where" tidak digunakan, preposition ada. (lihat contoh ke-2 dan ke-3 dalam tabel di atas)
Contoh Kalimat POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS Kata ganti kepunyaan
ANDRENS
Kali ini Admin mo ngasih materi Possessive Pronouns nih sobat belajarbahasainggrisyuk.com.
POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS adalah kata ganti kepunyaan. Pokoknya kuncinya
inget aja kata posesif. Nah kalo dalam pacaran ada kan yang namanya
posesif. Posesif itu adalah sifat orang yang merasa punya segalanya.
Merasa punya ini punya itu dan cenderung egois. Klo ada Possessive
pronouns inget aja kata posesif yang mengarah kata “PUNYA” dijamin
gampang deh ngingetnya. Oke cekidot materinya
Possessive Pronouns bisa sebagai kata sifat diantaranya :
my, your, his, her, our, their its
Contoh possessive pronouns dalam kalimat bahasa inggris:
My father | Ayah saya |
Your mother | Ibumu |
His beard | Janggutnya |
Her gown | Gaunnya |
Our house | Rumah kami |
Their village | Desa mereka |
Its tail | Ekornya |
This is my umbrella | Ini payung saya |
I left my key | Kunci saya tertinggal |
Jack likes your tie | Jack menyukai dasimu |
Is this your glass ? | Ini gelasmu ? |
I like his moustache | Saya suka kumisnya |
Tom lost his pen | Tom kehilangan pulpennya |
Liza sold her car | Liza menjual mobilnya |
I borrowed her earrings | Saya meminjam anting-antingnya |
That is our bus | Itu adalah bus kami |
Indonesia is my country | Indonesia adalah negeri kita |
Their school is far | Sekolah mereka jauh |
I know their father | Saya kenal ayah mereka |
The cat closed its eyes | Kucing itu menutup matanya |
The crocodile opened its mouth | Buaya itu membuka mulutnya |
Possessive Pronouns bisa sebagai kata ganti diantaranya :
Mine | Kepunyaan saya |
Yours | Kepunyaanmu |
His | Kepunyaan dia (laki-laki) |
Hers | Kepunyaan dia (perempuan) |
Ours | Kepunyaan kami/kita |
Theirs | Kepunyaan mereka |
Contoh :
This is mine | Ini kepunyaan saya |
That one is yours | Yang itu kepunyaanmu |
Mine is longer than yours | Kepunyaanku lebih panjang daripada kepunyaanmu |
This is his | Ini kepunyaan dia |
Yours is bigger than his | Kepunyaanmu lebih besar daripada kepunyaan dia |
You took hers | Kamu mengambil kepunyaan dia |
This is hers too | Ini kepunyaan dia juga |
Ours is better than yours | Kepunyaan kami lebih bagus daripada kepunyaanmu |
The red one is theirs | Yang merah kepunyaan mereka |
Theirs is more expensive | Kepunyaan mereka lebih mahal |
Possessive Pronouns bisa sebagai kata sifat diantaranya :
my, your, his, her, our, their its
Contoh :
My father
|
Ayah saya
|
Your mother
|
Ibumu
|
His beard
|
Janggutnya
|
Her gown
|
Gaunnya
|
Our house
|
Rumah kami
|
Their village
|
Desa mereka
|
Its tail
|
Ekornya
|
This is my umbrella
|
Ini payung saya
|
I left my key
|
Kunci saya tertinggal
|
Jack likes your tie
|
Jack menyukai dasimu
|
Is this your glass ?
|
Ini gelasmu ?
|
I like his moustache
|
Saya suka kumisnya
|
Tom lost his pen
|
Tom kehilangan pulpennya
|
Liza sold her car
|
Liza menjual mobilnya
|
I borrowed her earrings
|
Saya meminjam anting-antingnya
|
That is our bus
|
Itu adalah bus kami
|
Indonesia is my country
|
Indonesia adalah negeri kita
|
Their school is far
|
Sekolah mereka jauh
|
I know their father
|
Saya kenal ayah mereka
|
The cat closed its eyes
|
Kucing itu menutup matanya
|
The crocodile opened its mouth
|
Buaya itu membuka mulutnya
|
Possessive Pronouns bisa sebagai kata ganti diantaranya :
Mine
|
Kepunyaan saya
|
Yours
|
Kepunyaanmu
|
His
|
Kepunyaan dia (laki-laki)
|
Hers
|
Kepunyaan dia (perempuan)
|
Ours
|
Kepunyaan kami/kita
|
Theirs
|
Kepunyaan mereka
|
Contoh :
This is mine
|
Ini kepunyaan saya
|
That one is yours
|
Yang itu kepunyaanmu
|
Mine is longer than yours
|
Kepunyaanku lebih panjang daripada kepunyaanmu
|
This is his
|
Ini kepunyaan dia
|
Yours is bigger than his
|
Kepunyaanmu lebih besar daripada kepunyaan dia
|
You took hers
|
Kamu mengambil kepunyaan dia
|
This is hers too
|
Ini kepunyaan dia juga
|
Ours is better than yours
|
Kepunyaan kami lebih bagus daripada kepunyaanmu
|
The red one is theirs
|
Yang merah kepunyaan mereka
|
Theirs is more expensive
|
Kepunyaan mereka lebih mahal
|
Personal Pronouns
Personal Pronouns
Personal pronouns adalah kata ganti untuk orang, binatang, tempat, atau sesuatu benda. Dalam kalimat, personal pronouns dapat digunakan sebagai subjek (the subject of a verb) maupun objek (the object of a verb).
Subject Pronouns
Personal pronouns yang digunakan sebagai subjek kata
kerja adalah I, you, he, she, it, we, dan they.
Perhatikan contoh kalimat berikut ini:
- Lisa likes cats. She has four cats.
Pada kalimat pertama, Lisa (proper noun) adalah
subjek kalimat atau subjek kata kerja likes. Sedangkan pada kalimat
kedua, she adalah subjek kalimat dan sebagai kata ganti untuk
Lisa.
Beberapa contoh personal pronouns sebagai subjek:
- My name is Michael. I am fourteen.
- My father works hard. He works in a factory.
- My sister is older than me. She is twelve.
- Our dog is very naughty. It likes to chase cats.
- Bob, you are a bad boy!
- David and I are playing football. We like
sports.
- Jim and Jeff are my brothers. They are older
than I am.
Object Pronouns
Personal pronouns yang digunakan sebagai objek kata
kerja adalah me, you, him, her, it, us dan them.
Perhatikan contoh kalimat berikut ini:
- Lisa likes cats. She likes to stroke them.
Pada kalimat pertama, cats adalah objek kalimat atau
objek kata kerja likes. Sedangkan pada kalimat kedua, them adalah
objek kalimat dan sebagai kata ganti untuk cats.
Beberapa contoh personal pronouns sebagai objek:
- I’m doing my homework. Dad is helping me.
- Goodbye, children! I’ll call you later.
- Where is John? I need to speak to him.
- Miss Garcia is very nice. All the children like her.
- The car is very dirty. Mom is cleaning it.
- Uncle Harry called Mary to ask her a question.
- My chocolates are all gone. Someone has eaten them.
Dalam tata bahasa Inggris, pembicara atau orang yang berbicara
disebut dengan orang pertama (first person), sedangkan yang diajak berbicara
adalah orang kedua (second person), dan orang yang dibicarakan disebut
sebagai orang ketiga (third person).
Berikut ini adalah tabel kata ganti untuk orang pertama (first person), kedua (second person), dan ketiga (third person).
subject | object | ||||||
first person singular | I | me | |||||
second person singular | you | you | |||||
third person singular | he | him | |||||
she | her | ||||||
it | it | ||||||
first person plural | we | us | |||||
second person plural | you | you | |||||
third person plural | they | them | |||||
Catatan
Dalam kalimat, personal pronouns dapat digabungkan
dengan nouns. Yang digabungkan adalah orang pertama dan kedua yang
berbentuk plural.
- We students are demanding that the
administration give us two hours for lunch.
- The administration has managed to put us students in
a bad situation.
Dan juga personal pronouns dan nouns yang
sama-sama berkedudukan sebagai orang kedua.
- You students are demanding too much.
- We expect you students to behave like adults.ANDRENS
Rabu, 19 Desember 2012
Singular-Plural Nouns
Kata Benda Tunggal – Kata Benda Jamak
- Kata benda (noun): bisa
berujud benda, orang maupun hewan
Contoh: a tomato; a man; a lion
- Kata benda tunggal (singular noun): jumlahnya
1 → an apple; one apple
Kata benda jamak (plural noun): jumlahnya lebih dari satu → two apples; a lot of men; many lions
- Umumnya bentuk kata benda jamak seperti
bentuk kata benda tunggal ditambah "s" diakhir huruf dalam
kata tersebut, dan dibunyikan /s/ atau /z/.
Contoh:
a book – books
a pen – pens
a girl – girls
- Bentuk jamak dari kata benda yang berakhir
dengan bunyi desis /s/; /z/ adalah seperti kata benda tunggal
ditambah "es" atau "s" dan dibunyikan /iz/.
Biasanya berhuruf akhir -ss, -sh, -x, dan -se
Contoh:
a glass – glasses (gelas)
class – classes (kelas)
dish – dishes (piring/ masakan)
box – boxes (kotak)
house – houses (rumah)
rose – roses (mawar)
- Bentuk jamak dari kata benda yang berakhir
dengan bunyi
/ʧ/ dan /ʤ/
adalah seperti kata benda tunggal ditambah "es"
atau "s" dan dibunyikan /iz/. Biasanya berhuruf akhir
-tch, -rch, dan dge.
church – churches (gereja)
match – matches (pertandingan)
bridge – bridges (jembatan)
- Bentuk jamak dari kata benda yang berakhir
dengan huruf 'o' adalah seperti kata benda tunggal ditambah "es"
atau 's'
tomato – tomatoes (tomat)
buffalo – buffaloes (kerbau)
potato – potatoes (kentang)
hero – heroes (pahlawan)
echo – echoes (suara gema)
mosquito – mosquitoes (nyamuk)
- radio – radios (radio)
photo – photos (foto)
zoo – zoos (kebun binatang)
studio – studios
piano – pianos
soprano – sopranos
- volcano – vulcanoes/ volcanos
(gunung berapi)
- Bentuk jamak dari kata benda yang berakhir
dengan huruf 'f' atau 'fe' adalah seperti kata benda tunggal
ditambah "es" atau 's' dan huruf 'f' berubah menjadi 'v.
leaf – leaves (daun)
wife – wives (istri)
knife – knives (pisau)
shelf – shelves (rak)
wolf – wolves (serigala)
Perkecualian:
belief – beliefs (kepercayaan)
chief – chiefs (pemimpin)
roof – roofs (atap)
cuff – cuffs (pergelangan lengan baju)
tornado – tornadoes/ tornados
- Bentuk jamak dari kata benda yang berakhir
dengan “huruf konsonan + y” adalah seperti kata benda tunggal
ditambah "es" atau 's' dan huruf 'y' berubah menjadi 'i'.
butterfly – butterflies (kupu-kupu)
fly – flies (lalat)
baby – babies (bayi)
city – cities (kota)
Tetapi bila sebelum huruf y berupa sebuah huruf vowel (contoh: a, i, u, o) bentuk jamaknya berupa kata benda tunggal + s.
Contoh: boy – boys (anak laki-laki) (ket: sebelum huruf y adalah vowel o)
day – days (anak laki-laki) (ket: sebelum huruf y adalah vowel a)
key – keys (kunci) (ket: sebelum huruf y adalah vowel e)
- Beberapa kata benda selalu dalam bentuk
jamak, tidak pernah berbentuk tunggal.
Contoh:
gloves = a pair of gloves (sarung tangan)
socks = a pair of socks (kaos kaki)
trousers = a pair of trousers (celana panjang)
shorts = a pair of shorts (celana pendek)
pants (celana)
scissors (gunting)
pliers (tang)
spectacles = glasses (kacamata)
Untuk menyebut kata benda di atas sebagai benda tunggal, kita harus menggunakan " a pair of ..."
Contoh:
The pants are hanging in the hanger.
The pair of pants are hanging in the hanger.
- Do you need scissors to cut the paper?
- Ada beberapa kata benda yang mempunyai bentuk
jamak yang tidak beraturan/ berpola:
child – children (anak-anak)
man – men (lelaki)
woman – women (wanita)
mouse – mice (tikus)
louse – lice (kutu)
foot – feet (kaki)
tooth – teeth (gigi)
goose – geese (angsa)
deer – deer (rusa)
fish – fish (ikan)
sheep – sheep (domba)
species – species
Do you need a pair of scissors to cut the hanger?
- Kata benda serapan (borrowing) dari bahasa
asing memiliki bentuk banyak asli bahasa asing.
Contoh :
bacterium – bacteria
cactus – cacti
crisis – crises
phenomenon – phenomena
ANDRENS
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